PSA
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced almost exclusively by prostate epithelial cells. Its physiological function is to liquefy semen. PSA leaks into the bloodstream from the prostate, and elevated levels can indicate prostate enlargement, inflammation, or cancer.
Why it matters: PSA is commonly used in prostate cancer screening and monitoring. It is not cancer-specific - benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), prostatitis, and even recent ejaculation or cycling can raise PSA. Whether and when to screen varies by individual factors such as age and family history; discuss the specifics with your physician.
May increase with:
May decrease with:
What is PSA?
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced almost exclusively by prostate epithelial cells. Its physiological function is to liquefy semen. PSA leaks into the bloodstream from the prostate, and elevated levels can indicate prostate enlargement, inflammation, or cancer.
What might a high or low PSA mean?
PSA is commonly used in prostate cancer screening and monitoring. It is not cancer-specific - benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), prostatitis, and even recent ejaculation or cycling can raise PSA. Whether and when to screen varies by individual factors such as age and family history; discuss the specifics with your physician.
What is the typical reference range for PSA?
The general-population reference range shown here is < 4 ug/L. Reference ranges describe the general population and are not a personal target — discuss your results with your physician.
What can affect PSA?
It may be higher with: Prostate cancer, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Prostatitis (infection/inflammation), Recent ejaculation (within 24-48 hours), Prolonged cycling, Digital rectal examination, Urinary retention, Aging (prostate grows with age). It may be lower with: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride — halve PSA), After prostatectomy (should be undetectable), After radiation therapy.