Cystatin C

KidneyKidneyBlood

Cystatin C is a small protein produced at a constant rate by all nucleated cells in the body. It is freely filtered by the kidneys and almost completely reabsorbed and degraded in the proximal tubules. Unlike creatinine, cystatin C production is independent of muscle mass, diet, and sex.

Why it matters: Cystatin C is a more accurate marker of kidney function than creatinine in many populations — particularly in elderly patients, those with low muscle mass, vegetarians, and people with higher body mass index. Cystatin C-based eGFR is often used when creatinine-based eGFR may be unreliable. It can flag kidney decline earlier than creatinine.

Reference Range
0.51 – 0.98mg/L
0.51
0.98LowNormalHigh
Symptoms of Low Cystatin C
Typically without noticeable symptoms
Symptoms of High Cystatin C
Fatigue
Swelling in feet or ankles
Reduced urine output
Loss of appetite
Difficulty concentrating
What Moves It

May increase with:

Declining kidney function (any cause)
Corticosteroid therapy (increases production)
Hyperthyroidism
Active inflammation
Obesity (modestly)

May decrease with:

Improved kidney function
Hypothyroidism
Associated Conditions
Chronic kidney diseaseAcute kidney injuryDiabetic nephropathyCardiovascular risk assessment
Related Markers
CreatinineGFRUrea
Common questions

What is Cystatin C?

Cystatin C is a small protein produced at a constant rate by all nucleated cells in the body. It is freely filtered by the kidneys and almost completely reabsorbed and degraded in the proximal tubules. Unlike creatinine, cystatin C production is independent of muscle mass, diet, and sex.

What might a high or low Cystatin C mean?

Cystatin C is a more accurate marker of kidney function than creatinine in many populations — particularly in elderly patients, those with low muscle mass, vegetarians, and people with higher body mass index. Cystatin C-based eGFR is often used when creatinine-based eGFR may be unreliable. It can flag kidney decline earlier than creatinine.

What is the typical reference range for Cystatin C?

The general-population reference range shown here is 0.51 – 0.98 mg/L. Reference ranges describe the general population and are not a personal target — discuss your results with your physician.

What can affect Cystatin C?

It may be higher with: Declining kidney function (any cause), Corticosteroid therapy (increases production), Hyperthyroidism, Active inflammation, Obesity (modestly). It may be lower with: Improved kidney function, Hypothyroidism.

More in Kidney
CreatinineGFRUreaUrea Nitrogen (BUN)Uric Acid

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