HOMA-IR

MetabolicMetabolism & EnergyBlood

HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is a calculated index that estimates insulin resistance from fasting glucose and fasting insulin: HOMA-IR = (Fasting Insulin in mU/L x Fasting Glucose in mmol/L) / 22.5. It models the feedback loop between the pancreas and liver in the fasting state.

Why it matters: HOMA-IR estimates insulin resistance, which is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and often precedes type 2 diabetes by years. Tracking it over time can reveal a metabolic trend before fasting glucose or HbA1c shift.

Reference Range
< 2.5-
2.5NormalHigh
Symptoms of Low HOMA-IR
Typically asymptomatic
Symptoms of High HOMA-IR
Weight gain
Sugar cravings
Fatigue after meals
Brain fog
What Moves It

May increase with:

Visceral obesity
High carbohydrate diet
Physical inactivity
Poor sleep quality
Chronic stress
Excess fructose/sugar intake
Inflammation
Genetic predisposition

May decrease with:

Weight loss (especially visceral fat)
Low-carb diet
Regular exercise
Intermittent fasting
Adequate sleep (7-9 hours)
Stress reduction
Berberine supplementation
Metformin
Associated Conditions
Insulin resistanceType 2 diabetesMetabolic syndromePCOSNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseCardiovascular disease
Related Markers
GlucoseInsulinTriglyceridesHbA1c
Common questions

What is HOMA-IR?

HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is a calculated index that estimates insulin resistance from fasting glucose and fasting insulin: HOMA-IR = (Fasting Insulin in mU/L x Fasting Glucose in mmol/L) / 22.5. It models the feedback loop between the pancreas and liver in the fasting state.

What might a high or low HOMA-IR mean?

HOMA-IR estimates insulin resistance, which is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and often precedes type 2 diabetes by years. Tracking it over time can reveal a metabolic trend before fasting glucose or HbA1c shift.

What is the typical reference range for HOMA-IR?

The general-population reference range shown here is < 2.5 -. Reference ranges describe the general population and are not a personal target — discuss your results with your physician.

What can affect HOMA-IR?

It may be higher with: Visceral obesity, High carbohydrate diet, Physical inactivity, Poor sleep quality, Chronic stress, Excess fructose/sugar intake, Inflammation, Genetic predisposition. It may be lower with: Weight loss (especially visceral fat), Low-carb diet, Regular exercise, Intermittent fasting, Adequate sleep (7-9 hours), Stress reduction, Berberine supplementation, Metformin.

More in Metabolic
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